- Effects of Haritaki
- Heart
Strengthening effect of Haritaki for the heart
Terminalia Chebula: Heart
Scientific experiments and studies on the strengthening effect of Haritaki for the heart.
In an animal experiment in which two groups of rats were given isoproteronl-induced lysomal membrane damage but only one group was pretreated with haritaki, it was concluded that in the group of rats receiving haritaki, myocardial damage was prevented.
It was found that pretreatment with a haritaki extract attenuated the effect of isoproterenol on lipid peroxide formation and maintained the activities of diagnostic marker enzymes.
Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against lysosomal enzyme alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in rats
Experimental Clinical Cardiology Summer 2005;10(2):91-5.To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Terminalia chebula in protecting against isoproterenol-induced lysosomal membrane damage. Methods: Lysosomal enzyme activities from the serum, heart and lysosomal fractions were determined. The triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay was used to confirm the protective effect of T chebula on the myocardium. Results: Isoproterenol administration produced significant cardiac damage (as seen by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay) and significantly altered lysosomal enzyme activities. Pretreatment with an ethanol extract of T chebula was found to retain near normal activities of lysosomal enzymes in rats given T chebula or T chebula plus isoproterenol compared with rats given isoproterenol alone. Conclusions: Pretreatment with T chebula extract stabilizes the lysosomal membrane and, thus, may have prevented myocardial damage.
[Link to the scientific study]Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 2004 Feb;42(2):174-8.Cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits (500 mg/kg body wt) was examined in isoproterenol (200 mg/kg body wt) induced myocardial damage in rats. In isoproterenol administered rats, the level of lipid peroxides increased significantly in the serum and heart. A significant decrease was observed in the activity of the myocardial marker enzymes with a concomitant increase in their activity in serum. Histopathological examination was carried out to confirm the myocardial necrosis. T. chebula extract pretreatment was found to ameliorate the effect of isoproterenol on lipid peroxide formation and retained the activities of the diagnostic marker enzymes.
[Link to the scientific study]The Ayurvedic medicines Haritaki, Amala and Bahira reduce cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits
International Journal of Cardiology 1988 Nov;21(2):167-75. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(88)90219-7.Four groups of 25 rabbits each, were studied to determine the effect of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis) and Bahira (Terminalia belerica) on cholesterol-induced hypercholesteolaemia and atherosclerosis. The control group was fed with cholesterol alone; the Haritaki group received Haritaki and cholesterol; the Bahira group received Bahira and cholesterol; and the Amla group received Amla and cholesterol for 16 weeks. Cholesterolaemia was significantly less (P less than 0.001) in the Haritaki group (166 mg/dl), the Bahira group (240 mg/dl) and the Amla group (205 mg/dl) than in the control group (630 mg/dl). The Haritaki group had significantly less cholesterolaemia (P less than 0.001) as compared to the Bahira and Amla groups. Aortic sudanophilia was significantly less (P less than 0.001) in the Haritaki group (6%), the Bahira group (16%), and the Amla group (12%) than in the control group (38%). The cholesterol contents of the liver and aorta, respectively, were significantly less in the Haritaki group (46 mg/100 g, 28 mg/100 g), the Bahira group (78 mg/100 g, 72 mg/100 g) and the Amla group (46 mg/100 g, 42 mg/100 g), than in the control group (604 mg/100 g, 116 mg/100 g). Among the drug-fed groups, the Haritaki group had significantly lower degrees of sudanophilia and cholesterol content of aorta and liver (P less than 0.001) as compared to the Bahira and Amla groups. Although all three drugs reduced serum cholesterol, aortic sudanophilia and cholesterol contents of liver and aorta, their effects were in ascending order of magnitude. The drugs did not influence serum triglyceride levels, euglobulin clot lysis time or platelet adhesiveness.
[Link to the scientific study]Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of methanol bark extract of Terminalia chebula in male albino Wistar rats
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 May;34(3(Special)):1233-1241.To reveal the protective effect of Terminalia chebula Retz (TCR) on cardiotoxicity induced by radix of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb (AKR). Control, AKR, AKR-TCR 1:3, AKR-TCR 1:1, AKR-TCR 3:1 and TCR-prepared AKR groups were set up. After treatment, the heart tissues were observed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscope. Serum myoglobin (MB) and troponin (cTn) were detected by ELISA. UPLC-Q Exactive/MS analysis was performed to detect the metabolic difference among the groups. ELISA results showed that the MB and cTn values of AKR group were significantly higher than Control group (P<0.05), while those of the other groups were lower than AKR group. TCR-prepared AKR group had similar MB and cTn contents to the Control group. Histopathological examination also indicated better detoxifying effects in the TCR-prepared AKR and AKR-TCR 1:1 group. The serum metabolomics analysis showed obvious distinction between the AKR and Control groups, while AKR-TCR combination reversed the metabolomics changes induced by AKR. Through multivariate statistical analysis, 9 metabolic markers related to energy, nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism were identified. Conclusively, AKR-induced cardiotoxicity may be related to energy, nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism, and TCR can reduce the cardiotoxicity by regulating the relative metabolism pathways.
[Link to the scientific study]Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruit against isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in rats
Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2005 Aug;42(4):246-9.Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of fruits of Terminalia chebula (500 mg/kg body wt, orally for 30 days) against isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress was investigated in rats. The levels of serum lipid peroxides, iron, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, plasma iron-binding capacity, and the activities of ceruloplasmin and glutathione were assayed, in addition to the activities of the antioxidant enzymes--glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the heart tissue. Administration of isoproterenol increased the levels of lipid peroxides and iron, with corresponding decrease in the activities of the enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants. The pre-treatment with ethanolic extract of fruits significantly prevented the alterations induced by isoproterenol, and maintained a near normal antioxidant status. Results suggest that the cardioprotective effect of T. chebula fruit may partly be attributed to its antioxidant properties.
[Link to the scientific study]Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 2004 Feb;42(2):174-8Cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits (500 mg/kg body wt) was examined in isoproterenol (200 mg/kg body wt) induced myocardial damage in rats. In isoproterenol administered rats, the level of lipid peroxides increased significantly in the serum and heart. A significant decrease was observed in the activity of the myocardial marker enzymes with a concomitant increase in their activity in serum. Histopathological examination was carried out to confirm the myocardial necrosis. T. chebula extract pretreatment was found to ameliorate the effect of isoproterenol on lipid peroxide formation and retained the activities of the diagnostic marker enzymes.
[Link to the scientific study]Terminalia chebula Fructus Inhibits Migration and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Production of Inflammatory Mediators in RAW 264.7
Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015;2015:502182. doi: 10.1155/2015/502182. Epub 2015 Feb 16Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neointima formation after angioplasty involves vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation followed by inflammatory responses mediated by recruited macrophages in the neointima. Terminalia chebula is widely used traditional medicine in Asia for its beneficial effects against cancer, diabetes, and bacterial infection. The study was designed to determine whether Terminalia chebula fructus water extract (TFW) suppresses VSMC migration and proliferation and inflammatory mediators production in macrophage (RAW 264.7). Our results showed that TFW possessed strong antioxidative effects in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays. In addition, TFW reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, TFW inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) induced VSMC migration as determined by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. The antimigratory effect of TFW was due to its inhibitory effect on metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, and Rho-family of small GTPases (Cdc42 and RhoA) expression in VSMCs. Furthermore, TFW suppressed PDGF-BB induced VSMC proliferation by downregulation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling molecules. These results suggest that TFW could be a beneficial resource in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
[Link to the scientific study]
